indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to trick; to cheat; to deceive; to coax; to wheedle; to soothe and humor (humour)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
marshy grassland; wetlands
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
to follow; to come along with one; to accompany
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
goal; basket (basketball); finishing line; Gaul
next; hypo- (i.e. containing an element with low valence); order; sequence
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to