indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
secret; private; surreptitious
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
point (of a story, argument, etc.); point (e.g. in stock exchange movement); percentage point; switch; points; point; site
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
rush; rush hour; rush print (in films, anime, etc.); lighter aboard ship; LASH
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
system; lineage; corollary; system (range of strata that correspond to a particular time period); (taxonomical) series
sense; idea; desire; concern; attention; care
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
judgement; judgment; refereeing; umpiring; referee; umpire
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
adds force or indicates command
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
opposite; opposition; versus; vs.; to (e.g. "winning a game five to three"); equal footing
going down; fall; knocking down (in boxing); flooring; being out of action (due to illness, exhaustion, etc.); being down (e.g. with a cold); going down (of a computer system, server, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen