battle standard decorated with hanging strips of paper or leather; fireman's standard (Edo period)
sense; idea; desire; concern; attention; care
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
surroundings; environs; circumference
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stop; to stay (e.g. the night); to contain; to keep (in position, in place); to record (e.g. a fact); to retain
technique; art; skill; move
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
by means of; due to; because of; according to
the body; the flesh; the outer man; one's physique
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tough; strong; stiff; tenacious
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to keep; to preserve; to hold; to last; to endure; to keep well (food)
starting field which contains the November and/or December 20-point card
to sever; to cut off; to suppress; to eradicate; to abstain (from); to give up
indication; sign; hint; tone (of the market)
to erase; to delete; to turn off (power); to switch off; to extinguish; to put out
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
energy; energy; strength; energy source; energy resource; food energy
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
component; factor; item (e.g. in list); element (e.g. in array); member (e.g. data structure)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
departure; departing (from ...); sending; sent (by ...); engine; counter for gunshots, bursts of gas, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
final; eventual; ultimate
to let out; to utter; to issue; to send; to leave; to depart
four; four years of age; ten o'clock (old time system); Burakumin; cross grips
great enterprise; great task
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to handle (men); to master (a tool); to manage; to acquire a command of (a language)