sky; air; ether; firmament; the heavens
above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
storey; story; stairs; stage (in chronostratigraphy); counter for storeys and floors of a building
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to boast of; to be proud of; to take pride in
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sacred place; holy ground; the Holy Land; real-life location used as a setting in a novel, film, anime, etc.
match; game; bout; contest
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
stairs; stairs at the front of a noh stage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
class; level; stratum; layer; hierarchy
to exchange glances; to correspond; to counterbalance
remuneration; recompense; reward; toll
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
(one's) exclusive use; private use; dedicated use; use for a particular purpose; exclusive use (of particular products); using only (e.g. a certain brand)
private room; single (room); room for one; (toilet) stall
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
pride of place; most prominent; top-ranking
right to challenge; right to make a challenge
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
change; alteration; difference; distinction; something wrong; abnormality
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
to unfold; to unroll; to open
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
stage (theatre, theater); scene or setting (e.g. of novel, play, etc.)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
sense; idea; desire; concern; attention; care
user; consumer; master (e.g. of swordsmanship); prodigal; spendthrift