king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
no good; not allowed; not acceptable; outtake; blooper; retake
both countries; Ryōgoku (area of Tokyo)
international; diplomatic intercourse
peace preservation; security; safety
maintenance; preservation; improvement
mechanism; organization; organisation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
temporary; provisional; interim
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
rule; reign; government; governing
as a matter of fact; actually; effectively; in reality; in effect
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to match (rhythm, speed, etc.); to join together; to unite; to face; to be opposite (someone); to compare; to check with
refugee; displaced person; person inconvenienced by (lack of something); person unable to satisfactorily (marry, shop, etc.)
treatment; service; handling (of a machine, tool, etc.); operation; treating as; treating like
commonwealth; federation of states; confederation; union
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
property; fortune; assets
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
class; order; et cetera; etc.; equal; iso-
country; territory; domain; realm
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
condition; term; requirement; qualification; prerequisite
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
receiving; acceptance; reception
blank space (in documents); vacuum; blank; void
plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
live coals (for firelighting); cause (of disturbance, conflict, etc.); trigger