commander-in-chief; leader; head of a group of companies
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
li (one of the trigrams of the I Ching: fire, south)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to correct; to rectify; to reform; to straighten (one's posture, collar, etc.); to adjust
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
name; given name; first name
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
fox (esp. the red fox, Vulpes vulpes); fox (i.e. a sly person); soba or udon topped with deep-fried tofu; light brown; golden brown
foxes and tanuki; sly fellow; deceiver
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
clever; intelligent; well-behaved (esp. children and pets); obedient; (arch.) good (with words)
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
splendid; nice; sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); well enough; OK
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
really; truly; indeed; good grief
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
to think out; to devise; to invent; to begin to think; to come up with a plan
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
honour; honor; glory; privilege
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
being deeply moved emotionally; excitement; passion; inspiration; deep emotion; strong impression
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)