indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
point (of a story, argument, etc.); point (e.g. in stock exchange movement); percentage point; switch; points; point; site
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
Pacific needlefish (Strongylura anastomella)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
really; truly; indeed; good grief
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp