indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
person who occupies a position or rank; person who is good enough to be ranked in a sport
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
variable measure of fabric (28.8 cm in width); for kimonos: at least 10 m in length; 300 tsubo (991.74 meters square, 0.24506 acres); six ken (10.91 m)
monkey (esp. the Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata); ape; sly person; idiot; hick; sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut); clasp used to control the height of a pot-hook
ratio; proportion; match; equal; compared with ...; relative to ...
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
what kind of business; what sort of matter
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
stupid; foolish; idiotic; fool; idiot; blockhead
spy; agent provocateur; covert operative; maker; builder; constructor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); wall (of stones)
omission; slip; error; definition (of photograph); sharpness; clarity (sound)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
true; real; genuine; proper; utter
unusual power; superpower; ability beyond that of humans
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
several people; a few people
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
not exceeding ...; not more than ...; below (a standard, level, etc.); under; the following; the below-mentioned
through (e.g. an intermediary, a medium); via; over (e.g. a network); across; by way of; by means of
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
loan; lending; favor; favour; creditor; method of lending
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage