indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
drawing a sword; drawn sword
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
section chief; laboratory manager; office head; room monitor
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
now; the present time; just now; another; more
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
in that way; thus; so; so?