indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
aeroplane; airplane; aircraft
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
in that way; thus; so; so?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
town; city; municipal; urban
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
how; in what way; how about
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
suffix for familiar person