recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
frequently; repeatedly; eagerly; keenly; hard; terribly
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to loiter; to putter; to prowl; to be confused from not knowing what to do
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
(European) gray wolf (carnivore, Canis lupus lupus); grey wolf
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
undesirable state brought about by (my) lack of virtue; feeling morally responsible; mea culpa
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honor; honour; credit; prestige
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
salt; common salt; hardship; toil; saltiness; cold
style; way; shape; form; appearance; state
effect; efficacy; validity; potency
loss (of something); disadvantage; mistake; error; flaw; defect
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
work; labor; achievement; performance; salary; income
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
after all; in the end; anyway; (cannot) possibly; (not) at all; (not) by any means
papier-mâché tiger (toy with a loose, wobbly head); paper tiger; someone (or something) who is all bark and no bite; man of straw
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point