indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
kokkuri; divination technique similar to table turning and planchette
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
poor (at); weak (in); not very good (at); not one's cup of tea; not one's favorite
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
fox (esp. the red fox, Vulpes vulpes); fox (i.e. a sly person); soba or udon topped with deep-fried tofu; light brown; golden brown
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
reservation; appointment; contract; subscription; programming (e.g. a device); setting (e.g. a timer)
household (electrical) appliances; home appliances; consumer electronics
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
pleasant; delightful; enjoyable; joyful; cheerful; amusing
mechanism; mechanics; machines; mechanic
G; g; (acceleration due to) gravity; giga-; gravitational constant; gauss; general audience (film certificate)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible