indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
kokkuri; divination technique similar to table turning and planchette
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
uncle; old man; mister; manybar goatfish (Parupeneus multifasciatus)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
fox (esp. the red fox, Vulpes vulpes); fox (i.e. a sly person); soba or udon topped with deep-fried tofu; light brown; golden brown
parents' day (day when parents observe their children in school)
calico cat; tortoiseshell-and-white cat
pachinko parlor; pachinko hall
check (pattern); ichimatsu doll
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
comfort; ease; easy; simple; (economically) comfortable; raku pottery
suit (clothing); suit (playing cards)
honesty; sincerity; trust; reliance; (religious) faith; devotion
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...