indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
princess; daughter of a nobleman
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
honorific/polite/humble prefix
adds force or indicates command
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding