called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Northern and Southern Courts (of Japan; 1336-1392); Northern and Southern Dynasties; Northern and Southern Dynasties (of China; 420-589)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
Mara; demon king who attempted to hinder Gautama Buddha from attaining enlightenment; obstacle to enlightenment; penis
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Kenmu Restoration (1333-1336)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
barrier; gate; seki (in go); mutual life
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
Emperor Go-Daigo; Go-Daigo Tenno (1288-1339 CE, reigning: 1318-1339 CE)
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to respect; to honor; to honour; to esteem; to prize
society; public; community; social studies
custom; convention; common practice; (arch.) becoming accustomed (to)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)