previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
Run, Melos! (short story by Osamu Dazai)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to feel; to sense; to experience
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
knitting; knitted material; crochet
boy; son; baby boy; young man
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
spare time; free time; leisure time
of all (things, people, places, days, etc.)
leader; guide; mentor; coach
aid; help; assistance; assistant; counselor; counsellor
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
official certification; official approval; certification examination; licensing examination; hypothesis testing
class (e.g. school); grade; rank; kyū; kyu; junior rank in martial arts, go, shogi, etc.
qualifications; requirements; capabilities
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
some nerve (as in 'you must have some nerve to ...')
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
primary school; elementary school; grade school
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
single; solo; solitary; just one; only one