indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
bear (any mammal of family Ursidae)
sly; cunning; sneaky; miserly; mean; stingy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
barrier; gate; seki (in go); mutual life
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
how; in what way; how about
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
adds force or indicates command
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
serious; honest; sober; grave; earnest; steady