polygon; -gon; Japanese rectangular envelope (opening on the short side)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
interior angle; internal angle; inside corner
sum; harmony; peace; Japan; Japanese-style
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
toy; (person or thing treated as a) plaything
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
lack of common sense; thoughtlessness; senselessness; irrationality; absurdity
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
attention; notice; care; caution; advice; warning
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
barrier; gate; seki (in go); mutual life
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
study; diligence; discount; reduction
neglecting; leaving alone
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
traffic; transportation; communication; exchange (of ideas, etc.); intercourse
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...