year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period (Chinese history)
dispute; strife; quarrel; dissension; conflict; rivalry
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
seven; seven years of age; four o'clock (old time system)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
weeding out; elimination (e.g. of unneeded employees); culling; selection (e.g. natural selection)
what is called; what they call; so-called
Seven Warring States (Chinese history); Seven Kingdoms
too much; excessively; too
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
disturbance; agitation; commotion; upheaval; riot
already; now; no longer; not any more
tranquil; calm; restful; peaceful; quiet
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to return; to come back; to turn over; to become extremely; to become completely
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
people; men and women; each person; everybody
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
Qin dynasty (of China; 221-207 BCE); Ch'in dynasty
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to carry on one's back; to be burdened with; to take responsibility for; to have (something) in the background; to be in front (of something); to be conceited
young person; youth; young
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
accession to the throne; enthronement
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
later; afterwards; future; after one's death; (arch.) descendant
Qin Shi Huang (259 BCE-210 BCE), first emperor of unified China; Shihuangdi
appearance; arrival; make one's appearance
by means of; due to; because of; according to
derisory; negligible; minimal; nominal; imperceptible
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
honesty; sincerity; trust; reliance; (religious) faith; devotion