honorific/polite/humble prefix
older brother; elder brother
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
licking; dead drunk; blind drunk
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
to go to bed; to go to sleep; to fall asleep; to be laid up (with a cold); to be ill in bed
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
adds force or indicates command
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
stinginess; miserliness; shabby; cheap; petty; narrow-minded
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
receiving; welcoming; going to meet; final call; call of fate; approach of death
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
nevertheless; at any rate; even so; all things considered; be that as it may
one army; whole army; first string players; the cool kids; the popular kids
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
to be surprised; to be astonished
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
match; game; bout; contest
in that way; thus; so; so?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
senior high school; high school