indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
ball; ball (pitch that falls outside of the strike zone); bowl; board (cardboard, pasteboard, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
out (of a ball, in tennis, etc.); outside the line; out; putout; outer; external; exit
strike (e.g. in baseball, bowling)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
adds force or indicates command
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
sphere; counter for balls
safe; in (of a ball, in tennis, etc.); all right; OK
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?