indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
corpse; kanji "corpse" radical
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
seat; place; position; status; gathering; party; stand
sect; denomination; tenets (of a religious sect)
platform; podium; (ceremonial) mound; world (of haiku, art, etc.); (literary) circles; (arch.) mandala
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
myself; yourself; I; me; you
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
monk; priest; sangha (the Buddhist community)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
older brother; elder brother
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
art; technique; means; way; trick; trap
teacher; master; religious leader; specialist; (arch.) five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou-dynasty Chinese army)
bowstring; string (of a shamisen, etc.); stringed instrument; chord; hypotenuse
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise