indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
corpse; kanji "corpse" radical
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
suffix for familiar person
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
in that way; thus; so; so?
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more