hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
soft; fragile; weak; poorly built; insubstantial
range (of a rifle, missile, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
area; zone; (lit.) belt (of land)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
tedium; boredom; dullness; to feel bored; to get bored with; to get tired of
present condition; existing state; status quo; current state
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
reason; cause; circumstances
extraordinary; uncommon; remarkable; unusual; rare; prodigious
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
long ago; already; a long time ago
capacity; volume; capacitance
overcoat; exceeding; going over; exaggerated; over the top; over par
self-deprecation; self-derision; self-mockery; laughing at oneself
sensation; feeling; tendency; propensity
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
bottomless; endlessly deep; infinite
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
charm; attractiveness; courtesy; ingratiating behaviour; entertainment; amusement
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
excitement; stimulation; agitation; arousal
promotion; encouragement; fostering; unwanted help (usu. unintentionally harmful); unnecessary help
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to