honorific/polite/humble prefix
Hinamatsuri (March 3); Girls' Festival; Dolls' Festival
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
surely; clearly; without a doubt; in all probability; no matter how one slices it; no matter how one looks at it
excess; surplus; superabundance; overabundance
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
pretext; history; past; according to ...; ... says
the last drop makes the cup run over; too much of a good thing; less is more
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
unconsciously; unwittingly; unawares
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
what; what sort of thing; everything; anything; what (on earth)?; what's the meaning of this ...?
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
apt to (do); liable to; predominantly; mostly; ... reaps the rewards; ... takes the prize
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
make-up; makeup; cosmetics
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to paint; to plaster; to lacquer; to varnish; to spread; to smear
suffix for familiar person
by myself; in person; by oneself
shoe; shoes; boots; footwear; footgear
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
underpants; pants; briefs; trousers (esp. women's); jodhpurs; breeches
poor (at); weak (in); not very good (at); not one's cup of tea; not one's favorite
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
in this way; thus; such; uh...
easily (reach, exceed, etc.); comfortably; amply; fully; well over
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put on (lower-body clothing, e.g. pants, skirt, footwear); to wear; to affix (a sword to one's hip); (arch.) to affix (a bowstring to a bow)
to get worse; to deteriorate; to go from bad to worse; to spoil (of food); to go bad; to perish
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...