to succeed; to relieve; to take the place of; to substitute for; to be exchanged; to change (places with)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
in that way; thus; so; so?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
real; realistic; serious; non-joking; realtime blog; real world (cf. online games or social networking services)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
letter; missive; note; mail
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
yoo-hoo; halloo; hi-de-ho; howdy; hey
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
to pass (of time); to elapse
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to tell (to do); to order; to tell on (someone); to tattle; to often say
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to tear; to rip; to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach; to defeat; to beat; to break (e.g. silence)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
participation; joining; entry; adherence
to one's heart's content; as much as one wants
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence