home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Hokkaido (island, prefectural-level administrative unit)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
detached building; solitary house; room detached from main house; separation from; loss of interest in; independence of
women's college; women's university
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to begin to attend (e.g. school)
beginning; outset; first; onset
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
change; alteration; difference; distinction; something wrong; abnormality
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
of course; certainly; naturally
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
height (of body); stature
to shrink; to contract; to diminish (in size)
easy; simple; there's no way that ...
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
group with a common interest (e.g. students); club (e.g. company sports club); circle; circle (shape)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
prohibition; inhibition; ban
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
part-time job; side job; part-time worker; albite
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
condominium (usu. mid or high-rise); apartment building; apartment house; block of flats; apartment; flat
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to