to be broken; to break; to break (down); to stop working; to fall through (of a plan, deal, etc.); to collapse
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
boarder; boarding student
you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
notice; attention; observation
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
summer vacation; summer holiday
hostel; dormitory; (arch.) bureau (government department beneath a ministry under the ritsuryō system); (arch.) tea-ceremony room; (arch.) villa
sponsorship (i.e. conducting under one's auspices); promotion; organizing; organising; hosting; staging
evening; evening (of a special event); last night; yesterday evening
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
authority; expert; counter for messages, letters, notes, documents, etc.; understanding (esp. of male-female relations); tact; supernatural powers
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
face; honour; meld; lineup (of players participating in a mahjong game); attendees (e.g. at a meeting); members
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
please; if you would; somehow or other; one way or another; whether (or not); if
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
island; one's territory (of a sex worker, organized crime gang, etc.); one's turf
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...