jpdb beta

electrocardiogram; ECG; EKG

1

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

95

sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading

4

dawn; daybreak

2

in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward

2

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

38

(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely

1

but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that

2

brain waves; electroencephalogram; EEG

1

reaction; response

1

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

36

to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)

1

waking

1

near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly

1

may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly

1

is that so? (generally rhetorical)

1

freight car; van

1

(camera) shutter; shutter (for a door, window, etc.)

1

refinement; elegance; grace

1

twelve o'clock; midnight; noon

1

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

71

line of battle

1

to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound

1

appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style

4

be; is

9

everyone; everybody; all; everything; all

4

water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout

4

miko; shrine maiden; young girl or woman (trad. an unmarried virgin) who assists priests at shrines; medium; sorceress; shamaness

12

driver (of a vehicle); screwdriver; driver (golf); driver; device driver

9

and; and then; thus; and now; and finally

4

he; him; boyfriend

2

they; them

4

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

14

existence; being

2

concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every

1

unprepared; careless; imprudent; indiscreet

1

ordinary person; member of the general public; non-celebrity

1

to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)

1

to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)

10

originally; by nature; from the start

1

oscillation; vibration; swing (e.g. of a pendulum)

1

house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family

1

such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o

6

family lineage

1

island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf

3

to be handed down; to be introduced; to be transmitted; to be circulated; to go along; to walk along

1

historic ruins (remains, relics); archeological site

1

force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort

1

hiding; concealment

1

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

33