indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
young bird; chick; fledgling; hina doll; doll displayed during the Girls' Festival
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
leaving the nest; going out into the world; becoming independent
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to grow up; to become an adult
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
grace (of God); benevolence (of Buddha); assistance; help; effects; influence
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
straight (ahead); direct; upright; straightforward; honest; frank
debut; initial stage appearance
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
toilet; restroom; bathroom; lavatory
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
two classes; double; two sets
magical girl (in anime, manga, etc.); girl with magical powers; young witch
suffix for familiar person
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
prohibition; interdiction; forbidden; prohibited
birdwatching; bird watching
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial