indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
pupil; student; schoolchild
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
to collect; to gather; to save; to accumulate; to pile up
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(real) ability; true strength; merit; arms; force
difference; variation; difference
something like ...; something called ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
this world; this life; world of the living
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
dweller; inhabitant; resident; user (of a website)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in some cases; sometimes; on occasions
to bare one's fangs; to snarl (at)
you (plural); all of you; you all
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
justice; right; righteousness; correct meaning; correct explanation
messenger; envoy; emissary
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?