abundant; plentiful; rich; wealthy; open (mind); relaxed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
reserve; constraint; declining; refraining; forethought; foresight
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
in this way; along these lines; similarly
the other day; lately; recently; meanwhile; in the meantime
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
new face; newcomer; rookie; modern humans (from Cro-Magnon man onwards)
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
guidance; leadership; instruction; shido (disciplinary action for a minor infringement of the rules of judo)
to advise strongly; to insist (on something)
feeling refreshed; feeling relieved; neat; tidy; frank; open-hearted; completely
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
how many years; how long; what year
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
you (plural); all of you; you all
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
local government employee; local civil servant
citizen; citizenry; city inhabitant; townspeople; bourgeoisie; middle class
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to work assiduously; to give one's all; to make the utmost effort; (lit.) to make (grind) one's body into dust