first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
abundant; plentiful; rich; wealthy; open (mind); relaxed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
most important provincial shrine; (arch.) first-born imperial prince
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
reserve; constraint; declining; refraining; forethought; foresight
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
in this way; along these lines; similarly
the other day; lately; recently; meanwhile; in the meantime
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
newcomer; new figure; new member; modern humans (from Cro-Magnon man onwards); Homo sapiens
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
guidance; leadership; instruction; shido (minor penalty in judo)
to advise strongly; to insist (on something)
feeling refreshed; feeling relieved; neat; tidy; frank; open-hearted; completely
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from now; from this moment; henceforth
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
senior (at school, work, etc.); superior; elder; older person; predecessor
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
how many years; how long; what year
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
anyway; anyhow; setting aside ...; regardless of ...; really; truly
you (plural); all of you; you all
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
local government employee; local civil servant
citizen (of a country); citizenry; citizen (of a city); resident; bourgeoisie; middle class
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); canine; squealer; rat; loser; asshole