that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
suffix for familiar person
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
receiving; reception; eating; drinking; please; please do for me
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
wife; bride; (one's) daughter-in-law
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
old person; elderly person; trustee of the Japan Sumo Association; retired high-ranking wrestler who is licensed to coach and receives retirement pay; senior statesman (of the Tokugawa shogunate); important local official (under the Tokugawa Shogunate)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be caught; to be arrested; to hold on to; to grasp; to find (e.g. proof); to get (e.g. a taxi)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to hide; to be hidden; to conceal oneself; to disappear
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
office work; clerical work; administration; business; affairs
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
to be dented; to be indented; to be beaten; to be overwhelmed; to be disheartened; to feel down