indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
please (give me); please (do for me)
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
date (with someone); (social) outing (for two); date night; date (day)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?