indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be scorched into; to be seared into; to make a strong impression; to be etched in (one's memory)
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
dining room; dining hall; cafeteria; restaurant; eatery; snack bar
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
without; but if; otherwise; or else
to cool down; to get cold; to cool off (excitement, temper, etc.); to subside; to be cold (eyes, expression, etc.); to be composed
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
now; the present time; just now; another; more
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
(somebody else's) parents; both parents