Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
way (of doing); manner; method; means
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
fair and square; open and aboveboard; bold and forthright
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
certain; sure; definite; reliable; sound; solid
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
means; way; method; measure
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
inconsequential; indifferent; not worth worrying about; whatever; whichever; I don't care
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to do what one is told to (esp. of a child); to take someone's advice; to listen to what someone says; to do what one wants something (one's body, legs, etc.) to do; to work as expected (e.g. of a machine); to obey (one)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
illegal play; misplay; illegal move; foul
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
swing; shake; appearance; behaviour; pretence; pretense; (a customer) coming to restaurant, ryokan, etc. without a reservation or introduction
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
why; how; for what reason
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
they; those guys; those fellows
pure; true; genuine; unmixed
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!