(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to mind; to care about; to be an issue; to matter; to keep company; to care for; to interfere with
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
saying "Ah!"; making one say "Ah!"; surprisingly; astonishingly
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Japanese representative; Japanese delegate; Japanese delegation
opposite; opposition; versus; vs.; to (e.g. "winning a game five to three"); equal footing
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
match; game; bout; contest
close contest; close match; close game; close combat
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
to proceed though deadlocked; to be carried over (e.g. to next meeting); to go into a shootout (e.g. sport)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
alone; by oneself; on one's own
one's assessment of the situation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
danger; peril; hazard; risk
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...