indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
accurate; correct; precise; exact
grasp; catch; understanding
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
one class; one set; a pair; a suite; a series
to cross (legs or arms); to link (arms); to put together; to construct; to braid; to plait; to grapple
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
in that way; thus; so; so?
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to feel (as if); to have a feeling (that); to have a hunch (that); to feel like doing; to want to do
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point