indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
emotion; feeling; feelings; sentiment
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
devil; evil spirit; genie
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
dragon (as depicted in Western myths)
one's self-possession; one's presence of mind
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen