indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed