indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
form; shape; state; condition; letter; correspondence
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
town area; urban area; metropolitan area; built-up area
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
by means of; due to; because of; according to
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
defense; defence; protection
town; city; municipal; urban
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
wherein; therein; thereinto
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
last stand; last bastion; last stronghold; last frontier
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
sympathy; agreement with; alignment; conformity; tuning
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
regular time; stated period
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late