indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
chaos; confusion; disorder; chaotic; confused; uncertain
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
in that way; thus; so; so?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
brightness; brilliance; brilliancy; radiance; glitter
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
family; members of a family
the body; the flesh; the outer man; one's physique
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk