indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
refugee; displaced person; person inconvenienced by (lack of something); person unable to satisfactorily (marry, shop, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
soft to the touch (e.g. fur, feathers); fluffy; to stroke (something fluffy); to rub; to pat
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
adds force or indicates command
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
outbreak of an illness; onset of an illness; appearance of symptoms
epidemic; plague; pestilence