indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
counter for parts, stages, installments, etc. (of a story, series, project, campaign, etc.); counter for bullets
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
startup; booting up; activation; starting (e.g. engine, computer); launch
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
pattern; behavioural pattern; behavioral pattern; predictability
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
how; in what way; how about
adds force or indicates command
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch