indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
adds force or indicates command
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
rotation (usu. around something); revolution; turning
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
endurance; patience; perseverance; self-control; self-restraint
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding