indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
honorific/polite/humble prefix
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
son (of others); boy; young master; green young man from a well-to-do family; young man innocent of the ways of the world
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
steward; butler; court official; deacon (Anglican, Lutheran, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
hospitality; reception; treatment; (light) refreshment; entertaining with food and drink; treat
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)