indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
incarnation; impersonation; personification; avatar
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
supervision; control; superintendence; director; superintendent; supervisor
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
adds force or indicates command
Japanese representative; Japanese delegate; Japanese delegation
now; the present time; just now; another; more
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
ball; ball (pitch that falls outside of the strike zone); bowl; board (cardboard, pasteboard, etc.)