to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go back to the start; to reset; to restore; to return to the point (of a discussion); to return something (that has been moved) to previous place; to reconstitute
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
time; hour; period; class
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
had better ...; had better not ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
older brother; elder brother; brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship); young man; buddy
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
flood plain; river terrace; riverside area; area between river and river bank
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
after a long time; for the first time in a while
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
alone; by oneself; on one's own