lightning; thunder; god of thunder; god of lightning; anger; fit of anger
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; division; phylum; counter for cannons
eleven; team (of eleven players; esp. in soccer)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to erase; to delete; to turn off (power); to switch off; to extinguish; to put out
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
messenger; envoy; emissary
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
to collect; to assemble; to gather
to start a journey; to embark on a trip; to set forth; to hit the trail
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
adds force or indicates command
to arrive at (after a struggle); to finally reach; to find one's way to; to finally hit on (e.g. an idea)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
people; citizens; subjects; folk
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage