indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
adds force or indicates command
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
now; the present time; just now; another; more
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat